細(xì)胞膜熒光探針DiR（AAT-22070）英文說明：

DiI, DiO, DiD and DiR dyes are a family of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water. They have high extinction coefficients, polarity-dependent fluorescence and short excited-state lifetimes. Once applied to cells, these dyes diffuse laterally within the cellular plasma membranes, resulting in even staining of the entire cell at their optimal concentrations. The distinct fluorescence colors of DiI (orange fluorescence), DiO (green fluorescence), DiD (red fluorescence) and DiR (deep red fluorescent) provide a convenient tool for multicolor imaging and flow cytometric analysis of live cells. DiO and DiI can be used with standard FITC and TRITC filters respectively. Among them DiD is well excited by the 633 nm He-Ne laser, and has much longer excitation and emission wavelengths than those of DiI, providing a valuable alternative for labeling cells and tissues that have significant intrinsic fluorescence. DiR might be useful for in vivo imaging or tracing due to the effective transmission of infrared light through cells and tissues and low level of autofluorescence in the infrared range.

細(xì)胞膜熒光探針DiR（AAT-22070）艾美捷中文說明：

染料DiI， DiO， DiD 和 DiR是一類親脂性熒光染料家族，用于標(biāo)記細(xì)胞膜和疏水性組織。這是一類環(huán)境敏感型熒光染料，當(dāng)它們與膜結(jié)合或者與親脂性生物分子（例如蛋白質(zhì)，雖然在水中其熒光強度很弱）結(jié)合時，其熒光強度顯著增強。它們具有很高的淬滅系數(shù)，偏光依賴性和很短的激發(fā)壽命。一旦應(yīng)用于細(xì)胞中，這種染料會在細(xì)胞內(nèi)質(zhì)膜中逐步擴(kuò)散，導(dǎo)致在其最佳濃度條件下，將整個細(xì)胞染色。它們不同的熒光顏色：DiI（橙色熒光）、DiO（綠色熒光）、DiD（紅色熒光）、DiR（深紅色熒光），為活細(xì)胞多色彩熒光成像分析和流式細(xì)胞術(shù)提供了一種便捷的工具。DiO和DiI可以分別與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的FITC和TRITC濾光器一同使用。其中，DiO可以被633 nm He-Ne激光激發(fā)，并且具有比DiI更長的激發(fā)和發(fā)射光波長，為標(biāo)記細(xì)胞和組織的那些本身就具有本底熒光的染料提供了非常卓-越的替代品。DiR在活體成像或者示蹤中非常有用，因為它們所發(fā)射的紅外光可以高效地穿過細(xì)胞和組織，并且在紅外光范圍內(nèi)，其本底熒光水平很低。

細(xì)胞膜熒光探針DiR艾美捷基本參數(shù)：

中文名稱：細(xì)胞膜熒光探針DiR,碘化物

英文名字：DiR iodide[1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide]

規(guī)格：25mg

光譜學(xué)相關(guān)參數(shù)：Ex=748nm / Em=780nm；其對應(yīng)分子量大小為1013。39MW。

形式：固體

保存建議：推薦使用常溫進(jìn)行運輸。建議在低于-15℃溫度下冷凍保存，要求儲存環(huán)境干燥并避免光照。

圖1：用DIR-RGD-NP描繪腫瘤相關(guān)脈管系統(tǒng)。（A） 腫瘤血管的描繪。腫瘤的白光圖像僅在RGD涂層納米顆粒中施用染料時顯示腫瘤相關(guān)脈管系統(tǒng)的輪廓；（B） 解剖腫瘤中mCherry和DIR信號的離體成像和共定位（從上至下：2?毫米，5?mm和10?尺寸為mm）；（C） DIR MFI的量化，數(shù)據(jù)顯示平均值?±?掃描電鏡，*p?<?0.002，與可溶性DIR和p相比?<?與DIR-NP相比為0.0237；（D） 橫截面腫瘤中DIR強度和穿透的量化；每個輸送系統(tǒng)的代表性動物如a、B和D所示；（n）?=?可溶性DIR和DIR-NP為4；n?=?12用于DIR-RGD-NP）。來源：Alvero等人使用卵巢癌小鼠模型檢測腹腔內(nèi)微轉(zhuǎn)移的新方法，《科學(xué)報告》，2017年1月。 

圖2：白光識別微轉(zhuǎn)移。比較所述納米顆粒平臺的特異性和敏感性的立體圖像（表2中的完整數(shù)據(jù)）。方形區(qū)域和白色箭頭指向微轉(zhuǎn)移。M、 腸系膜；一、 腸道；示出了每個輸送系統(tǒng)的代表性動物；（n）?=?可溶性DIR和DIR-NP為4；n?=?12用于DIR-RGD-NP）。來源：Alvero等人使用卵巢癌小鼠模型檢測腹腔內(nèi)微轉(zhuǎn)移的新方法，《科學(xué)報告》，2017年1月。

細(xì)胞膜熒光探針DiR文獻(xiàn)參考：

A novel morphological technique to investigate a single climbing fibre synaptogenesis with a Purkinje cell in the developing mouse cerebellum: DiI injection into the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Authors: Kiyohara Y, Endo K, Ide C, Mizoguchi A.

Journal: J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) (2003): 327

Retinal ganglion cells resistant to advanced glaucoma: a postmortem study of human retinas with the carbocyanine dye DiI

Authors: Pavlidis M, Stupp T, Naskar R, Cengiz C, Thanos S.

Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (2003): 5196

Projection pattern of nerve fibers from the septal organ: DiI-tracing studies with transgenic OMP mice

Authors: Levai O, Strotmann J.

Journal: Histochem Cell Biol (2003): 483